What is Cerebral Hemiatrophy?
Cerebral hemiatrophy is a rare disorder leading to the progressive loss of brain cells over time. It is also referred to as atrophy or hypoplasia of a cerebral hemisphere. Cerebral hemiatrophy is usually associated with seizures and hemiplegia, paralysis on one side of the body.
Causes of Cerebral Hemiatrophy
Congenital causes of cerebral hemiatrophy include intrauterine strokes. Acquired factors include:
- Infections
- Birth trauma
- Postnatal strokes or neoplasms
- Vascular abnormalities
- Ischemia
Symptoms of Cerebral Hemiatrophy
Cerebral hemiatrophy can present with various neurological manifestations. Common childhood symptoms include:
- Epilepsy
- Intellectual disability
- Neuropsychiatric disorders
Symptoms in adults include:
- Movement disorders, such as highly asymmetric Parkinsonism
- Neuropsychiatric problems
Diagnosis of Cerebral Hemiatrophy
Diagnosis involves a thorough medical history and imaging studies. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans play a key diagnostic role in revealing marked asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres in combination with compensatory changes. MRI is the preferred modality in assessing the etiology.
Treatment for Hemiatrophy
Treatment largely involves management of symptoms and aims at controlling seizures. Other measures include:
- Occupational therapy
- Behavioral therapy
- Physical therapy
